Eli nqaku liyinxalenye yoluhlu olujonga iindlela ezintathu zokwandisa ukufikelela kwebroadband kwimimandla yasemaphandleni engenankonzo eyaneleyo.
Izinto eziluncedo eziphethwe ngabatyali-zimali, ubukhulu becala, abasasazi bombane abarhweba ngokuphandle, banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni iinkonzo zebroadband kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nezingafumani nkonzo ngokwaneleyo ngokuvumela ababoneleli ukuba basebenzise iziseko zabo ezikhoyo ukuze babonelele ngothungelwano lweemayile eziphakathi ukwenza uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olunesantya esiphezulu.
Imayile ephakathi yinxalenye yenethiwekhi ye-broadband edibanisa umqolo we-intanethi ukuya kwi-mile yokugqibela, ebonelela ngenkonzo kumakhaya kunye namashishini ngokusebenzisa, umzekelo, iintambo zentambo.Umqolo ngokubanzi unemibhobho emikhulu ye-fiber optic, ehlala ingcwatywa phantsi komhlaba kunye nokuwela imida yelizwe kunye neyelizwe, ezo zezona ndlela zedatha kunye nomgaqo ophambili wokugcwala kwe-intanethi kwihlabathi liphela.
Imimandla yasemaphandleni inika umceli mngeni kubaboneleli be-broadband: Le mimandla ithande ukuba neendleko eziphezulu kwaye ingabinangeniso enganeno ekukhonzeni kunemimandla exineneyo yasezidolophini nakwiidolophu.Ukuqhagamshela iindawo zasemaphandleni kufuna uthungelwano lweemayile eziphakathi kunye nezokugqibela, ezihlala ziphantsi kwaye ziqhutywa ngamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo asebenza kunye ukubonelela ngenkonzo ye-intanethi ekhawulezayo.Ukwakha isiseko seemayile eziphakathi kule mimandla kaninzi kufuna ukubeka phantsi amawaka eemayile zefayibha, isenzo esibiza imali eninzi kunye notyalo-mali oluyingozi ukuba akukho mboneleli weemayile wokugqibela ozimiseleyo ukuqhagamshela loo mizi kunye namashishini amancinci.
Kwelinye icala, ababoneleli bemayile yokugqibela banokukhetha ukungaluncedi uluntu ngenxa yeziseko ezingundoqo ezisikelwe umda okanye ezingekhoyo.Ukulungisa oko kunokonyusa kakhulu iindleko zabo.Oku kudityaniswa kweempawu zemarike-ezibunjwe kukungabikho kwenkuthazo okanye iimfuno zenkonzo-kudale ulwahlulo lwedijithali olubalulekileyo kunye neendleko ezishiya abaninzi kwimimandla yasemaphandleni ngaphandle kwenkonzo.
Kulapho izinto eziluncedo zabatyali-zimali (ii-IOUs) zinokungenelela khona. Aba basasazi bombane bakhupha isitokhwe kwaye babonelele malunga nama-72% abo bonke abathengi bombane kwilizwe lonke.Namhlanje, ii-IOUs zibandakanya iintambo zefiber optic kwiiprojekthi zabo zokuphucula igridi ehlakaniphile, ezihlaziya iziseko zombane zombane ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nokuthembeka kokusebenza kombane.
UMthetho woTyalo-mali kwiziSeko ezinguNdoqo kunye noMthetho weMisebenzi kwiZiseko zoTyalo-mali kunye noMthetho weMisebenzi owaphunyezwa ngowama-2021 waseka iNkqubo yeSibonelelo soMveliso waMandla oPhezulu kunye neNkqubo yokuRecycling, ingxowa-mali yezigidi ezingama-750 zeedola kubenzi bobugcisa bamandla ohlaza.Le nkqubo yenza iindleko zezixhobo zeeprojekthi zohlaziyo lwegridi yombane ezifanelekileyo ukufumana inkxaso-mali.Umthetho ukwabandakanya i-1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali yesibonelelo-eyayinokuthi i-IOUs ifune ukwakha uthungelwano lwabo lwefiber-ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi eziphakathi kweemayile.
Njengoko ii-IOUs zisakha uthungelwano lwefayibha ukuze ziphucule amandla azo enkonzo yombane, zihlala zinesakhono esongezelelweyo esinokuthi sisetyenziswe ukubonelela okanye ukuququzelela inkonzo yebroadband.Kutshanje, baye baphonononga ukusebenzisa esi sikhundla singaphezulu ngokungena kwimakethi ye-broadband yeemayile eziphakathi.I-National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, intlangano yobulungu kubakomishinala benkonzo karhulumente abalawula iinkonzo zenkonzo, ivakalise inkxaso yayo kwiinkampani zombane zibe ngababoneleli beekhilomitha eziphakathi.
Iinkampani ezininzi eziluncedo zandisa uthungelwano lweemayile eziphakathi
Iinkampani ezininzi zombane ziqeshise umthamo ogqithisileyo kuthungelwano olutsha oluhlaziyiweyo okanye olwandisiweyo lwe-middle mile fiber kubaboneleli benkonzo ye-intanethi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni apho kungenazindleko zokonga kwiinkampani zebroadband ukwakha ngokuzimeleyo izibonelelo ezitsha.Amalungiselelo anjalo anceda zombini iinkampani ukuba zonge imali kwaye zibonelele ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Alabama Power iye yaseka intsebenziswano kunye nababoneleli be-broadband ukuba baqeshise amandla abo ongezelelweyo kwi-fiber ukuxhasa inkonzo ye-intanethi kulo lonke ilizwe.E-Mississippi, inkampani eluncedo i-Entergy kunye nenkampani yonxibelelwano i-C Spire igqibe iprojekthi yefayibha yezigidi ezili-11 zeedola ngo-2019 egubungela ngaphezulu kweemayile ezingama-300 kulo lonke ilizwe.
Kumazwe apho kungekho ntsebenziswano esemthethweni yababoneleli be-intanethi ye-IOU eye yavela, iinkampani zombane nangona kunjalo zibeka isiseko sentsebenziswano ye-broadband yexesha elizayo ngokutyala imali kuthungelwano lwefiber optic.U-Ameren ose-Missouri uye wakha i-fiber network ebanzi kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye uceba ukuhambisa i-4,500 yeekhilomitha zefayibha kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ngo-2023. Loo nethiwekhi ingasetyenziswa ngababoneleli be-broadband ukuzisa i-fiber kunxibelelwano lwamakhaya abathengi babo.
Amazwe ajongana nentsebenziswano eluncedo kumgaqo-nkqubo
Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zombuso zisenokungadingeki ukuba zibonelele ngeenkonzo zotyalo-mali kunye negunya lokusebenzisana nabanikezeli be-broadband, kodwa amanye amazwe afune ukukhuthaza le ndlela ngokuwisa imithetho egunyazisa ngokuthe ngqo iinzame ezidibeneyo kunye nokuchaza iiparameters zentsebenziswano.
Umzekelo, iVirginia ngo-2019 yagunyazisa ii-IOUs ukuba zisebenzise amandla azo ongezelelweyo kwinkonzo yebroadband kwiindawo ezingabonelelwanga.Umthetho ufuna ukuba iinkampani zingenise uxwebhu lwezikhalazo zokubonelela ngenkonzo yebroadband echonga ababoneleli bebroadband bemayile yokugqibela abaya kuqeshisa kubo ifayibha engaphezulu.Ibanika umsebenzi wokufumana zonke iiasement eziyimfuneko kunye neemvume zokubonelela ngenkonzo.Okokugqibela, ivumela izinto eziluncedo ukuba zilungelelanise amaxabiso eenkonzo zazo ukubuyisela iindleko eziyanyaniswa neeprojekthi zohlaziyo lwegridi eziphucula iziseko zoncedo kwifayibha, kodwa iyabathintela ekuboneleleni ngenkonzo yebroadband kubasebenzisi bokugqibela borhwebo okanye bokuthengisa.Ukusukela oko kwawiswa umthetho, ababoneleli bamandla ababini abakhulu, iDominion Energy kunye neAppalachian Power, baye baphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulinga ukuqeshisa umthamo owongezelelweyo wefayibha kubaboneleli bebroadband basekhaya emaphandleni aseVirginia.
Ngokufanayo, iWest Virginia yapasisa umthetho ngo-2019 ogunyazisa izixhobo zamandla ombane ukuba zingenise izifundo ezinokwenzeka zebroadband.Kungekudala emva koko, i-West Virginia Broadband Enhancement Council yamkele iprojekthi ye-Appalachian Power ye-middle miles miles.Iprojekthi ye-61 yezigidi zeerandi igubungela ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-400 kwiingingqi zeLogan kunye neMingo-ezimbini zezona ndawo zingasetyenziswanga-kwaye umthamo wayo owongezelelweyo wefiber uya kuqeshwa kumnikezeli wenkonzo ye-intanethi ye-GigaBeam Networks.IKomishoni yeNkonzo kaRhulumente yaseWest Virginia nayo ivume intlawulo ye-.015 yepesenti nganye ye-kilowatt-yeyure yenkonzo ye-broadband yendawo yokuhlala yi-Appalachian Power, eqikelelwa iindleko zonyaka zokusebenza kunye nokugcina uthungelwano lwefayibha yi-1.74 yezigidi zeedola.
Ubuhlakani kunye nee-IOUs bubonisa imodeli yokwandisa ukufikelela kwibroadband kwiindawo ezingabonelelwanga nezingagcinwanga apho ababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-intanethi yesiqhelo kungenakwenzeka ukuba basebenze.Ngokuqesha nokuphucula iziseko zombane ezikhoyo eziphantsi kwee-IOUs kuthungelwano lweemayile eziphakathi, bobabini ababoneleli bombane kunye nababoneleli bebroadband bonga imali ngelixa besandisa inkonzo yebroadband kuluntu lwasemaphandleni.Ukusetyenziswa kweziseko ezingundoqo zombane eziphantsi kwee-IOUs ukuzisa i-intanethi ekhawulezayo kwiindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo imele indlela efana nokubonelela ngenkonzo yebroadband ngamaqumrhu asebenza ngombane okanye izithili eziluncedo zommandla.Njengoko amazwe eqhubeka nokusebenza ukuvala umsantsa wedijithali ezidolophini nasemaphandleni, abaninzi babhenela kwezi zikhokelo zintsha ukuzisa i-intanethi enesantya esiphezulu kuluntu olungancedwanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2022
